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Coin Detail
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ID:     300105
     [UNVERIFIED]
Type:     Roman Republican
Issuer:     M. Antonius and Cleopatra
Date Ruled:     34 BC
Metal:     Silver
Denomination:     Denarius
Struck / Cast:     struck
Date Struck:     BC 34
Diameter:     17 mm
Weight:     3.21 g
Die Axis:     1 h
Obverse Legend:     ANTONI ARMENIA DEVICTA
Obverse Description:     Bare head of Antony right; Armenian tiara behind
Reverse Legend:     CLEOPATRA (sic) REGINAE REGVM FILIORVM REGVM
Reverse Description:     Draped bust of Cleopatra right, wearing stephane; prow before
Mint:     Alexandria
Primary Reference:     Crawford 543/1
Reference2:     RSC 1c
Reference3:     Sydenham 1210 var. (CLEOPATRAE)
Reference4:     BMCRR East 179 var. (same); CNR II 2; CRI 345
Photograph Credit:     Classical Numismatic Group
Source:     http://www.cngcoins.com/Coin.aspx?CoinID=79716
Grade:     VF, toned
Notes:     A well-centered and struck example of an important historical coin normally difficult to obtain well struck with full legends. Ex Boyd Collection (Baldwin's, 26 September 2005), lot 129, with his original ticket (numbered 847). Purchased from Spink, December 1894.The consensus of opinion on the date and mint of this coin was relatively uniform until the publication by R. Newman, "A Dialogue of Power in the Coinage of Antony and Octavian" in AJN 2, pp. 37-64. Sear (CRI) follows Newman in calling it an issue from Alexandria struck for Antony's Armenian triumph of the autumn of 34 BC, when the "celebrated and enigmatic" (per Sear) "Donations of Alexandria" took place. Newman states the minting of this coin "must have taken place in 34, the year of Antony's Alexandrian triumph, since it would otherwise be without context". He dismisses the very good arguments of Grueber and Sydenham for another logical context. They believe that this issue was struck at Ephesus in the winter of 33/2 BC by Antony to reward Cleopatra and pay for her immense contribution to the war effort. In 33 BC Antony was in Ephesus with his army when Cleopatra arrived with the Egyptian fleet. The Roman army and Egyptian fleet wintered at Ephesus in 33/2 BC, preparing for the coming conflict with Octavian. The legends on this coin could be translated as "[coin] of Antony, with Armenia being Conquered, for Cleopatra, Queen of Kings and of her Sons, being Kings". The Armenian crown behind Antony represents his victorious Roman army, the prow beneath Cleopatra (which appears on no other Roman coin of hers) stands for the mighty Egyptian fleet; combined they symbolize the full array of forces marshalled against Octavian.